Ruching is a sewing technique where the fabric is gathered in a repeating pattern to create ruffles or a scalloped edge. It is often used as decoration or to create visual detail on a garment.
Christian Dior
Fraying
Fraying is when the unseamed edge of the fabric begins to wear away. The weave of the fabric begins to come undone. This is used as a decorative technique on the edges of a garment.
Balmain
Alexander McQueen
Pleating
Pleating is a fold created in fabric by doubling it over on itself and then pressing or sewing it into place. There are sever different types of pleating.
Box Pleat - a flat double pleat made by folding under the fabric on either side of it
Inverted Pleat - a box pleat reversed so that the fullness is turned inward
Kick Pleat - pleat in back of a straight skirt to allow ease in walking
Knife Pleat - a single pleat turned in one direction.
There are many other kinds of pleats, any type of fold in fabric is classed as a pleat.
Prada - Spring/Summer 2012
Dior - Spring/Summer 2012
Gathering
Gathering is creating a series of small folds or puckers in fabric by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching. It is used as a decorative effect in a garment or to create volume ion a garment.
Alexander McQueen
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